Prostatitis is an inflammation of a person's prostate gland.The prostate is located just below the bladder and the size of a chestnut.It surrounds the first section of the urethra and extends to the pelvic floor called So, which consists of muscles.
The prostate produces secretion, which includes PSA and sperm.The PSA makes it ejaculate more liquid.The sperm is important for sperm mobility.
Prostatitis is mainly associated with severe pain in the perineum and anal region.In addition, symptoms such as urine frequency, pain during urination and pain during ejaculation occur during prostate inflammation.
The prostate looks relatively often affected by inflammation.The probability of prostate infection increases with age.Studies show that most cases of 40 to 50 years.
Prostatitis syndrome
At the same time, an expanded understanding of the term prostatitis appeared in medicine.With the qualified prostatitis syndrome, several complaints are summarized in the area of the human pelvis, which generally have an unknown reason.The term "prostatitis syndrome" summarizes several clinical paintings:
- Acute bacterial prostatitis
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis
- Inflammatory and non -inflammatory syndrome of chronic pelvic pain
- Asymptomatic prostatitis
Acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is caused by bacteria.Bacteria pass through the blood to the prostate or spread from the bacterial infection of the bladder or the urethra to the prostate.Acute prostatitis is usually a serious general condition with severe pain during urination, fever and chills.
Chronic prostatitis can be developed from acute: if for more than three months there is inflammation of the prostate gland and repeated microbes in the urine, the prostate of express or ejaculate so, then this is chronic inflammation.
Bacterial prostatitis.This is less ray speed than acute prostatitis.Although chronic inflammation of the prostate gland causes pain during urination and, possibly, a feeling of pressure in the perineum, but complaints are generally not expressed as as in acute prostatitis.
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (abacerial prostatitis)
In most cases, prostate infections, bacteria cannot be detected in urine, prostate or ejaculate as the cause of the disease.The trigger for prostatitis is still clear.Doctors call it chronic pelvic pain.
However, in such cases, leukocytes can often be detected as an expression of inflammation in the prostate gland.To differentiate this, another form of the disease is detected in which bacteria or leukocytes are not detected.Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is the most common form of prostatitis.
Asymptomatic prostatitis
In rare cases, asymptomatic prostatitis occurs.With this form of prostatitis, although there are signs of inflammation, but there are no pain or other symptoms.Asymptomatic prostatitis is generally detected by accident, for example, as part of an infertility study.
Prostatitis: symptoms
Prostate inflammation can cause several prostatitis symptoms.Although the symptoms of acute prostatitis can be very serious and cause a strong sense of discomfort, with chronic prostatitis they are generally weaker.
Acute prostatitis: symptoms
Acute prostatitis is often an acute disease in which patients suffer fever and chills.Urine causes burning pain, and urine flow is reduced significantly due to the edema of the prostate gland.Since victims can distinguish only a small amount of urine, they have a constant urine frequency and often must go to the bathroom.Other prostatitis symptoms include bladder, pelvic pain and back pain.Pain can also occur during or after ejaculation.
Chronic prostatitis: symptoms
Prostatitis with a chronic course generally causes less serious symptoms than an acute inflammation of the prostate.Symptoms such as fever and chills are generally completely absent.The symptoms, such as a sensation of pressure in the perineum or the lower abdomen, the darkening of ejaculation due to blood in sperm or blood in the urine is typical for chronic inflammation of the prostate. The symptoms of bacterial and chronic chronic abacterial prostatitis do not differ.
Prostatitis complications
The most common complication is the abscess of the prostate.The abscess of the prostate gland is a purulent inflammation of inflammation, which must generally open and empty with a cut.
As an additional complication of the inflammation of the prostate, inflammation can be applied to nearby structures, such as the appendix of the testicles or testicles.There are also suspicions that chronic prostatitis is associated with the development of prostate cancer.
Prostatitis: Risk causes and factors
Bacterial prostatitis: causes
Only ten percent of prostatitis cases are caused by a prostate bacterium.Bacteria can enter the prostate through blood or from neighboring organs, such as bladder or urethra, where they can lead to an inflammatory reaction.
The bacterium of Escherichia Coli, which is mainly found in the human intestine, is the most common cause of prostatitis.Klebsiella, enterococci or mycobacteria can also cause prostatitis.Bacterial prostatitis can also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases such as clamidia infections or tricomonas, as well as gonorrhea.
In chronic prostatitis, bacteria in the prostate gland avoided the still clarified way to protect the human immune system.This allows microbes to constantly colonize the prostate.Antibiotics are relatively poor in the tissue of the prostate gland, which can be another cause of the survival of bacteria in the prostate gland.
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome: causes
The exact causes of chronic pelvic pain syndrome have not yet been completely studied.Scientists have nominated many theories, each of which sounds plausible, but all of them have not yet been clearly proven.In some cases, the genetic material of previously unknown microorganisms was found in the pelvis.Therefore, the cause of pelvic pain syndrome can be microorganisms that can not yet be cultivated in the laboratory and, therefore, are not detected.
Another possible cause of chronic pelvic pain is bladder disorders.Due to deteriorated drainage, the bladder volume increases, which presses the prostate.This pressure finally damages the tissue of the prostate gland, causing inflammation.
However, in many cases, the cause of chronic pelvic pain cannot be clearly demonstrated.Then doctors talk about idiopathic prostatitis.
Anatomical causes
In rare cases, prostatitis is caused by the narrowing of the urinary tract.If the urinary tract is reduced, urine accumulates and, if you enter the prostate, it can also cause inflammation.This narrowing can be caused by tumors or the prostate stones qualified as well.
Mental reasons
Recently, more and more psychological causes of prostatitis have been discussed.In particular, with non -inflammatory syndrome of chronic pelvic pain, a mental trigger is likely.The exact mechanisms are still unknown.
Risk factors for the development of prostatitis
Some men run the risk of developing prostate infection.These include, for example, men with a violation of the immune system or suppressed by the immune system.In addition, the main diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, can contribute to the development of prostatitis: a higher level of blood sugar in patients with diabetes often leads to a higher level of sugar in the urine.The abundant sugar content in the urine can provide bacteria for good growth conditions, facilitating the development of urinary tract infections.
Another risk factor in the development of prostatitis is the most surface of the bladder.The introduction of a catheter through the urethra through the urethra can cause small ruptures of the urethra and damage to the prostate gland.In addition, as in any foreign body, bacteria can settle in the bladder and form the qualified Bioplate of SO.As a result, bacteria can rise along the urethra to the bladder, as well as lead to prostate infection.
Prostatitis: exams and diagnoses
A general practitioner can take a medical history, but there is a suspicion of prostatitis, he will direct him to a urologist.This performs a physical exam.In case of suspicion of prostatitis, this is usually the digital rectal study called like this.However, this study does not give clear evidence of inflammation of the prostate, but only confirms the suspicion.To detect bacterial prostatitis, a laboratory exam can be performed
Rectal fingers
Since the prostate gland borders the rectum directly, it can be felt in the rectum.This rectal digital study is carried out in an outpatient way and without anesthesia, usually without pain.The patient is asked to go to beaten with folded legs.Using a lubricant, the doctor slowly inserts his finger in the anus and scan the prostate and adjacent organs.Examine the size and sensitivity to pain in the prostate gland.
Laboratory exam
To identify possible pathogens in most cases, urine analysis is carried out.The standard method is the sample of four glasses called so.Here the Erturina, the mittelstrahlurine, the prostataexprimat and the urine are tested after the prostate massage.As ProstataxPrimat called, doctors call the secretion of the prostate.This is achieved by a doctor by light pressure on the prostate, for example, in palpation.Ejaculate can also be tested for pathogenic microorganisms and signs of inflammation.
More research
The ultrasound scan of the rectum can be used to determine exactly where inflammation is and how far it extends.An important objective of the study is also the exclusion of other diseases with similar symptoms.
To exclude that the existing violation of urine drainage is caused by the narrowing of the urethra, urinary flow is measured.The normal urine current is 15 to 50 milliliters per second, while the urine flow is ten milliliters per second or less, there is a high probability of obstruction of the urethra.
Prostatitis: treatment
Drug therapy
Acute bacterial prostatitis is treated with antibiotics.In mild cases, the antibiotic dose is sufficient for about ten days.In chronic prostatitis, the medicine should be taken for a longer period of time.Depending on pathogenic microorganisms, active substances of luxacin, cyprophloxacin, azithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline are adequate.Even if the symptoms are already decreasing, antibiotics in any case must continue according to the appointment of a doctor.
In addition, asymptomatic prostatitis is treated with antibiotics.
If there are chronic abacerial prostatitis, antibacterial therapy is usually ineffective.With the inflammatory syndrome of chronic pelvic pain, despite the lack of evidence of the presence of pathogens, a study is carried out using antibiotics, since sometimes an improvement can be achieved.However, with non -inflammatory syndrome of chronic pelvic pain, antibiotic therapy is not recommended.
Other therapeutic approaches for chronic abacerial prostatitis are the so-called 5α-reductase inhibitors, such as funeral or dutterida, ptosan polyisulfate and plant drugs, such as quercetin or dust extract.If improvement is not achieved, pharmacological therapy will be complemented with physiotherapy.Here, physiotherapy exercises, exercises for pelvic floor muscles or the regular prostate massage are recommended.
In addition, symptomatic therapy can help relieve acute symptoms of prostate infection.Anesthetic medications can be prescribed by severe pain.In addition, heating pads and heating pads on the back or lower abdomen help relax the muscles.This often relieves pain with the inflammation of the prostate.
Relapse
The relapse frequency of prostatitis is generally very high.About 23 percent of the victims are subject to the second episode of the disease after a disease, 14 percent suffer three and 20 percent, even four or more cases of the disease.To reduce the risk of relapse, avoid wearing wet clothes during or after prostatitis, hypothermia or the use of bubbles, such as black tea or coffee.This reduces the risk of cystitis and, therefore, prostatitis.However, it cannot reliably prevent bacterial prostatitis using these methods.
The prognosis of prostatitis depends, on the one hand, on the cause of inflammation and, on the other, how fast the correct therapy begins.
In acute bacterial prostatitis, which is treated as soon as possible with antibiotic therapy, the prognosis is usually good.Taking antibiotics, pathogens die, which generally avoids transition to chronic prostatitis.
About 60 percent of all patients with acute prostatitis no longer have symptoms in six months, and approximately 20 percent develop chronic prostatitis.The treatment and prognosis are more difficult here.In many cases, periodic episodes of the disease arise that can accompany those who suffer for many years.
Chronic prostatitis generally requires great patience of victims.Very often a long course can be a serious psychological load.
Patients who have suffered should seek professional help, since the mental health situation has a great impact on the prognosis of prostatitis.